Understanding Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which blood glucose (blood sugar) levels are too high over a prolonged period. With proper management, people with diabetes can live healthy, active lives.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1: An autoimmune condition where the body does not produce insulin. Requires daily insulin injections.
Type 2: The most common form, where the body does not use insulin effectively. Largely preventable and manageable through lifestyle changes.
Gestational Diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy and increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes later in life.
Diet and Nutrition
A balanced diet is the cornerstone of diabetes management. Focus on whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats. Limit refined carbohydrates, sugary beverages and processed foods. The glycaemic index (GI) of foods matters — low-GI foods cause a slower rise in blood sugar.
Exercise Benefits
Regular physical activity — even a 30-minute walk daily — significantly improves insulin sensitivity, helps control weight and reduces cardiovascular risk. Both aerobic exercise and strength training are beneficial.
Medication Management
Depending on the type and severity of diabetes, treatment may include oral medications (metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors) or insulin therapy. Regular monitoring of HbA1c levels (target below 7%) is essential.
Monitoring Blood Sugar
Self-monitoring with a glucometer, along with regular HbA1c tests every 3 months, helps track control and prevent complications.